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This is an educational paper intended for an audience of actuaries, especially those who may not have been closely involved with pandemics research or analysis, as well as non-actuarial stakeholders who wish to consider the actuarial response to future pandemics.

The COVID 19 Pandemic as well other pandemics such as HIV/AIDS and the 1918 influenza pandemic have brought several critical factors into play that have reshaped global perspectives and responses. This paper provides a high-level retrospective of the lessons we have learned to date, offering valuable insights for future preparedness.